Category: Civil engineering

All the general details about civil engineering sector are given in the civil engineering category. Basic elements in civil engineering- Foundation is the lowermost part of the building.  The building activity starts with digging the ground for foundation and then building it. The plinth is the portion of the wall between the ground level and the ground floor level. The function of walls and columns is to transfer the load of the structure vertically downwards to transfer it to foundation. A window frame should not be directly placed over masonry. It is placed over 50 mm to 75 mm thick plain concrete course provided over the masonry. This course is called as sill. Lintels are the R.C.C. or stone beams provided over the door and window openings to transfer the load transversely so as to see that door or window frame is not stressed unduly. Chejja is the projection given outside the wall to protect doors and windows from the rain.The function of a door is to give access to different rooms in the building and to deny the access whenever necessary. Windows are provided to get light and ventilation in the building.Water supply, sanitation and drainage works, electric supply work, and construction of cupboards and showcases constitute major building services. Stone is available in the form of rocks, which is cut to the required size and shape and used as a building block. It has been used to construct small residential buildings to large palaces and temples all over the world. Brick is obtained by moulding good clay into a block, which is dried and then burnt. This is the oldest building block to replace stone. Manufacture of brick started with hand moulding, sun drying and burning in clamps.